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Lesson 2 · Flight Performance & Planning

Takeoff Performance

Reading POH charts and applying corrections — EASA PPL theory

⏱ ~20 min ✈ SEP · VFR 📋 EASA Part-FCL

1 — What Takeoff Distance Actually Measures

The POH gives you two numbers. Know exactly what each measures before using the charts.

The two phases of takeoff distance
Ground roll Takeoff distance required (to 50 ft) 50 ft screen Lift-off Airborne distance

EASA exam trap
When a question asks for “takeoff distance” it almost always means the total distance to clear the 50 ft screen — not just the ground roll. Read carefully.

2 — Reading the POH Chart

Every aircraft has its own charts giving a base distance for standard conditions at a pressure altitude and temperature. You then correct for non-standard conditions on top.

Simplified POH — takeoff distance to 50 ft (metres)
Pressure altitude Temperature
ISA −10ISAISA +10
Sea level 430 m480 m545 m
2,000 ft 470 m520 m600 m
4,000 ft 530 m590 m680 m
6,000 ft 600 m680 m780 m
8,000 ft 690 m790 m915 m

Illustrative SEP at MTOW, paved, calm, level. Real questions use your aircraft’s POH.

If your pressure altitude or temperature falls between values, interpolate proportionally. E.g. at PA 3 000 ft, ISA: halfway between 520 m and 590 m = 555 m.

3 — Correction Factors

The chart gives the base distance; real conditions are rarely standard. Apply each factor in sequence by multiplying the running total.

Standard correction factors
Headwind (per 10 kt)
-10%
Tailwind (per 10 kt)
+20%
Dry grass surface
+15%
Wet grass
+25%
Upslope (per 1%)
+10%
Downslope (per 1%)
-5%

How to apply them
Base × wind factor × surface factor × slope factor = final TODR. Order doesn’t change the maths, but step-by-step reduces errors.

4 — Build Your Scenario

Pick conditions and watch each correction stack on top of the base distance.

Build your scenario
Distance breakdown
Base only
With corrections

5 — Worked Example (Exam-Style)

Given elevation 1 500 ft · QNH 1 001 hPa · OAT 28 °C · 10 kt headwind · dry paved · level:

  1. Pressure altitude: PA = 1500 + (1013 − 1001) × 30 = 1 860 ft → use the 2 000 ft row.
  2. ISA deviation: ISA at 2 000 ft = 11 °C; OAT 28 °C → ISA +17 → base ≈ 600 m (ISA +10 column).
  3. Wind: 10 kt headwind → −10% → 600 × 0.90 = 540 m.
  4. Surface & slope: dry paved, level → no correction.

Safety factor
In real planning, add a safety factor (typically ×1.25–1.33) on top of the POH figure — the book values assume a skilled pilot in ideal conditions.

Knowledge Check

Question 1
The POH shows 480 m at sea level, ISA, calm, paved, level. The runway is dry short grass. Corrected distance?
Question 2
Base distance 600 m with a 10 kt tailwind. Corrected distance (≈ +20% per 10 kt tailwind)?
Question 3
Base distance 550 m, runway slope 1% uphill. What correction applies?
Question 4
Which scenario needs the longest takeoff distance?

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